It seems as every empire needs an enemy to help take the focus off their own people’s slavery. As long as it always seems like you have chosen the ‘lesser of two evils’ everything is fine and dandy. To have a better understanding of Islam it is important to know that Abraham is the founder of the Abramic beliefs, which are the Torah of Judaism, the Bible (Old Testament) of Christianity, and the Qur’an of Islam. Each are the same group of books, all with different twists to the story and points of views of life’s laws. The journey of what is Islam began long before the actual official movement, as Persia has much to do with the growth of Islam. The Hashashiyyn also known as the hashashin were a religious sect of Ismaili-Shia Muslims from the Nizari sub-section originating from post-Islamic Persia. Their name had been called the Hashashin, which was the root word for assassin, because Marco Polo had told stories about the members of the sect and described them as brutal warriors that did contract killings. According to his stories the members would be given a small dose of hasheesh, and promised that after their task was done they could live in the rulers’ hasheesh garden and have all they wanted. However their real name was al-da'wa al-jadida which means "new doctrine" and called themselves fedayeen which means "one who is ready to sacrifice their life for cause". The fedayeen were active from the 700s to about the 1300s. The group had originated as branches from the Persian army known as the ainsarii which were a sect of Ismailli assassins also known as sicarii which means dagger and later came to mean contract killer. This group was active since 70AD.The Persian Empire was a series of empires that ruled over the Iberian plateau, the Old Persian homeland and beyond in western and central Asia as well as the Caucasus Mountains.By the time Cyrus the younger ruled the empire in 330BC, Persia had already ruled over India, Iran, Arabia, Egypt and Ethiopia. Zoroasterianism was commonly practiced and accepted by the rulers of Persia at the time and the magi acted as a secret society and operated secretly and swiftly to spread religious views.Skipping back a bit, Cyrus 2nd also known as Cyrus the great ruled the empire in 559BC; his son was Cambyses 2nd and as legend goes Cambyses sent an army to threaten the oracle of Amun at the Siwa Oasis which is located in Egypt. The army of 50,000 men apparently vanished, some say they were killed in a sandstorm, others believe they had become a group of desert thieves, which in my opinion is the story portrayed in Disney’s Aladdin, which is taken from an earlier story about the kingdom of Aghraba and the 40 thieves, surely old-timers remember the magic words "open-sesame"… coincidentally a group of thieves would rob people traveling throughout the desert areas, which is what lead to the Chinese, the knights of templar and Muslim areas creating a early form of credit banking. Later on in life Cambyses 2nd suffered mental problems and went crazy which led to his loss of his kingdom to his brother. Hundreds of years later Darius 1st the son of Hystaspes would become the leader of Persia and created a secret army of secret agents of the king known as the kings’ eyes and ears. Descending from Darius 1st was eventually Darius 3rd who was conquered by Alexander the great and that was the end of the Persian Empire. However Darius 3rd was not killed in the battle instead he was assassinated by one of his own soldiers named Bessus. Alexander also gave Darius 3rd a magnificent funeral, married his daughter Statira and took care of one of Darius catamites, which is a younger apprentice.Darius 1st led the Nabataeans and killed the Persian king Belshazzar and took over his kingdom. The Nabataeans were a tribe of ancient trading people of south Palestine and northern Arabia. At about 100AD the Nabataeans ruled a kingdom that stretched from Palestine to the gulf and made its capital city Petra which is Jordan today. Antipater the Idumaean was the founder of the Herodian dynasty, his father Antipas was from Idumaea which is known as Edom or Esau in Hebrew and is mentioned in the Torah. Antipas had also married a Nabataean woman named Cypros. During this time the Hasmonean ruler John Hyrcanus in Judah had conquered Edom and forced edomites to convert to Judaism and the Edomites were integrated into the Jewish people. Antipas was later appointed as governor of Edom. His son Antipater grew up to become head advisor of Hyrcanus 2nd and managed to establish a good relationship with the Romans, who at the time of 63BC had conquered the kingdom of Judah. Julius Caesar the ruler of Rome appointed Antipater to be procurator of Judea in 47BC and he appointed his sons Phasael and Herod to be governors of Jerusalem and Galilee. The Herodian dynasty that produced King Herod would later descend into the Roman Piso family, which was the same bloodline that the emperor Constantine came from. As we know Constantine was the Roman emperor whom officially stopped the persecution of Christianity and gave the church its great authority...Herod on the other hand followed Judaism, hated Christianity and tried to kill Jesus as a baby according to the biblical stories. At around 265 to 273AD, Rome officially took over the Nabataean kingdom; from there two kingdoms arose in Arabia. These kingdoms were in the center of an important trade route and profited from the hatred between the Roman and Persian empires, which had both used trades to Egypt. Before 384AD Rome and Persia were at war and Arabia gained a lot of wealth as a trade route. From 384 to 502 a peace treaty was made between Rome and Persia and trade was not needed in Egypt because trade had begun between Rome and Persia. But in 502 the treaty was broken and trade ended between them and re-started with Egypt. Before the religion that is Islam was created, Muhammad was a man, (just like Jesus) who was born in about 570AD to the Banu Hashim family, which was a tribe of Quraysh that grew into a noble family in Mecca and began his belief in 622AD. He was forced to leave Mecca because of the founding of his laws of Islam and left with 622 followers only to return to Mecca in 630AD. The new Islamic Muslims were a large enough group and were able to re-capture Mecca. However two years later the founder of Islam would die and in the time of a decade two groups would emerge as oppositions from the same path (Sunni & Shi’a) and both would lose their end route. Kharaj in Traditional Islamic law refers to a tax on land and was used to denote any kind of taxation on Muslims that went to foreign rulers at the time being the Sassanid and Byzantine Roman Empire. Later on after the movement was squashed and Muslims were required to pay a tithe or tribute to the Caliph of Islam. King Solomon’s’ temple stood for hundreds of years but in 586BC it was destroyed during the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem. King Zerubbabel rebuilt a temple when the Jews returned, which eventually became King Herods temple, but was also destroyed in 70AD after the Jewish revolt against the Roman Empire.
In 638AD Arabs had conquered Jerusalem and exiled Jews until a couple years later when they were allowed to return. Many years later a French bishop born in 1042 in a small town in France grew up to become Pope Urban 2nd, who was the person responsible for suggesting to put together a campaign to promote the recovery of Jerusalem also considered the Holy Land by force. Pope Urban 2nd had contacted the Byzantine Roman Emperor Alexius Commenus to ask for support and in 1095 the pope had organized a major church council in a town called Clermont, where he accused Muslims of oppressing and torturing Christians and ended his speech proposing a crusade to liberate the Holy Land.
The first crusaders were mostly all volunteers. The leader of the first crusade was Peter the hermit, he and his crusade of volunteers began in 1096 and ended horribly. All the members were either killed or enslaved. However while the volunteers were being massacred, more military-like soldiers were being trained and were preparing for the next set of crusades. From the second group, 4 major armies arose. The first group was commanded by the duke of Lorraine, Godfrey de Bouillion. The two other armies were led by French Noble men and the fourth army was led by Robert of Normandy the son of William the Conqueror, who in 1066 attacked England and established a Normandy Kingdom to rule England. These 4 armies all left to go into battle on august of 1096 and were victorious.
After the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099 a council of the conquerors met and gave control of the city to Godfrey de Bouillion. The ancestors of Godfrey de Bouillion originated in an area of south east France around Narbonne, an area with an extremely large Jewish community of emigrants that had come from Spain and Jerusalem after the Muslim conquest. A noble-man from that area was Guillem de Gellome, who was a close associate to the Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne and was known to use the symbol “the lion of Judah” in his heraldry. In 792 Guillem established a respectable library and center for Judaic studies in southern France. His descendant was Hugues de Plantard, who was the great grandfather of Godfrey de Bouillion. De Bouillion ruled Jerusalem for only one year and died in 1100AD. His brother Baldwin was then crowned first Latin king of Jerusalem. King Baldwin died 18 years later in 1118 and was succeeded by his cousin, who became King Baldwin 2nd. As confirmed in many historical documents including the Masonic testament, King Baldwin was approached by nine knights that asked for the approval to form a new order of Knights to secure the safety of pilgrims traveling to the holy land. They also asked to be based in the east wing of his palace, which was adjacent to the recently captured Al-aqsa mosque, which was the former King Solomon’s temple. The group that formed was named the “poor fellow soldiers of Christ” and the leaders of the group was the French knights Huge de Payens and Andre de Montbard, whom had both served in the crusades and become experienced veterans. Eventually the group made an office in King Solomon’s temple and became known as the Knights’ of the temple or the Knights’ Templar. Now Hugues de Payens was in service under his cousin Hughes the count of Champagne and Andre de Montbard was the uncle of Bernard of Clairvaux who would later be known as the Cistercian Saint Bernard. In fact the entire group of original nine knights were closely related by either family ties or connections to the Cistercian monks and the Flemish royal families. All of the original nine knights also came from either the Champagne or Languedoc bloodlines.In 1127 count Thybaud of Champagne was the first person to donate property to the Templar’s and later that year Pope Honorius 2nd would order the council to further the growth of the Templar order.In 1139 Pope Innocent 2nd granted the Templar’s permission to build their own churches and police their own Knights, which was basically an early form of immunity. They had also become free of any taxation and were under no authority other than the Pope.
The founder of the Assassins group which was actually named fedayeen was Hasan bin Sabah, who was friends with the Persian poet Laureate Omar Khayyam and Nizam Ulmulk who became the grand vizier to the Turkish sultan of Persia. Hasan had been caught for being involved in a money scandal and was forced to flee Persia and went to Egypt. While in Egypt he studied in the dur-ul-hikmat which translates to house of knowledge, which was the then grand lodge of Cairo in operation since 1004. The lodge was said to have ancient knowledge and wisdom passed from Adam, to Noah, to Abraham and then to Moses. The Assassins were formed by a grouping of four separate older sects that trace their origins back to Mohammed. These 4 sects were the Hakim, Fatima, Batinis and Shiahs. In 872 Abdullah ibn Maymun created the Batinis sect and was first a member of a sect called Ismaili’s who were believed to have been the descendants of Ishmael the son of Abraham and the Egyptian slave girl Hagar.In 1128 the French King Louis 6th selected the count Fulk 5th of Anjou to marry King Baldwin 2nd’s daughter Melisende. He had also proposed a mission about invading Damascus, and the Templar’s during this time worked as allies with their supposed enemies the Assassins.Prior to the attack on Damascus, King Baldwin entered an agreement with the Assassins, whom were promised the city of Tyre for their assistance. However the secret alliance had been found out by locals, mainly the new Christian inhabitants and the Assassin members present in Damascus were lynched.In 1169 a man named Saladin had seized power in Cairo. Saladin was from Kurdish ancestry and was originally named Yusuf Ibn Ayyub, which translates to Joseph son of Job and he had been born in what is now known as Tikrit in Iraq. He later took the name Salah-ah-din meaning “rectifier of the faith”. His uncle had earlier become vizier of Egypt and in 1169 when he died; Saladin took his place and quickly gained control over Egypt. Through warfare and diplomacy he was able to bring Egypt and the government of Syria into alliance. Before Saladin Egypt was mainly Sunni Muslim, while Syria was mostly Shiite Muslims. The difference between the Sunni and Shiite Muslims stems from an early division of Islamic Muslims that was created over a disagreement about how the leader of the Muslim community should be chosen.The Caliph is the equivalent to the Pope, and the Sunni Muslims believe the Caliph should be elected or appointed whereas the Shi’a or Shiite Muslims, who stem from the belief of Ali or party of Ali, believe the Caliph should be chosen from the close relatives of Muhammad. Ali was the son-in-law of Muhammad the founder of Islam. Eventually each set would view the other as non-believers of the true Islamic faith.In 1170 the Templar’s and Saladin signed an agreement of truce. In 1180 the truce was broken by a Frankish prince named Reynald of Chatillon who led an army of 600 men into the holy Muslim cities of Mecca and Medina in Arabia. This act of needless rampage outraged Saladin. In 1187 the Templar army and Saladin’s army met. The man in charge of the defense of Jerusalem was Balain of Ibelin. Through-out the battle his army suffered defeats and proposed a peaceful surrender of Jerusalem to Saladin stating that if Saladin rejected the peaceful surrender, then he would have all the citizens of Jerusalem fight to the death and destroy all Muslim holy places like the Al-asqa mosque and kill as many Muslims that still lived within the borders of Jerusalem. Saladin accepted the peaceful surrender of the city and required a general fee be paid from the treasure of the Templar’s. From this point the city was evacuated and all Christians that left the city were searched for valuables as they passed the city gates, the Templar’s were also banished and all their property in Jerusalem was seize. After Saladin, the power of leadership of Islam was once again in trouble as divisions progressed. Eventually the Ottoman Turkish Empire would assume the responsibility. The Roman Empire is generally considered to have ended after the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turkish Empire in 1453. A Greek Masonic lodge was formed in a town called Corfu in 1814 and was called the filiki eteria meaning the friendly society. This lodge led a revolution against the Turkish rule in 1821 which won Greece its independence in 1830. A Greek Freemason played a leading role in influencing the “young Turks” to overthrow the rule of sultan. The man’s name was Cleanti Scalieris who was a wealthy Greek banker from a noble family that had been born in Constantinople in 1833 and in 1863 was initiated into the French grand orient. Scalieris had been influential over Midhat Pasha, a high official in the sultans’ government who was secretly leader of the young Turks, and had been initiated as a Freemason while he was a student in England. The young Turks were able to influence Prince Murad the nephew of the sultan Abdul Aziz. The prince had also been initiated as a Freemason in 1872 to a Greek lodge under the direction of the French grand orient. In 1876 Bulgarians revolted against Turkey in Russia and Russia prepared to go to war with Turkey in support of Bulgarians. Midhot Pasha the leader of the young Turks carried out a coup against the sultan Abdul Aziz and his nephew placed prince Murad as the new sultan. A few months after prince Murad took power he fell mentally-ill and his brother Abdul-hamid 2nd took control and reigned over the people for 33 years until 1909 when the young Turks caused another revolution and established the Kanun-I Esasi, which was a constitution of laws. This time the leader was Talaat Pasha, a Freemason that later became grand master of the Turkish grand orient. In 1917 when Turkey became allies of Germany and Austria and began to lose World War One, Pasha was a supporter of the Turkish government and was held responsible by the Armenians for the massacre and virtual extermination of the native population of Turkey. When Turkey lost the war Pasha was forced to resign as grand vizier and left to live in Britain. In 1921 he was assassinated in Berlin by an Armenian student who was bitter of the massacres. The leader that emerged next for Turkey was Mustafa Kemal who was also a Freemason that had been initiated into an Italian lodge in Macedonia. The Muslim Brotherhood, is a multi-nation Sunni Islamic movement and the world’s largest and was founded by Hassan-al-Banna in 1928 in the city of Ismailia, he had been initiated into a Sufi order at age 12 and in my opinion groomed by elders to create the Muslim brotherhood. The name of his order was naqshbandi which means image maker or pattern maker and once the Muslim brotherhood was created by him in Egypt it spread to Syria and on throughout the Middle-East, South-East Asia and North Africa and even towards the Americas and parts of Europe. There were six other founding members also, all of whom were members of the Suez Canal Company, which was a French corporation that used skilled masons to build the Suez Canal in 1869, and many of these skilled masons belonged to the French lodge.Iran is mostly a shi'a Muslim country and the Muslim brotherhood is considered Sunni in their doctrine, so most people do not believe Iran has a brotherhood. However a man named Navab Safavi founded the fadayan Islam and Iranian Islamic organization in the 1940s. From 1945 to 1951 the fadayan group was known to have assassinated several high level Iranian officials and Navab Safavi was also a known associate of Ayatollah Khomeini who later on became a major figure in the Iranian revolution of 1979 also known as the great Islamic revolution.It was a revolution that transformed Iran from a monarchy under Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi to an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. It has been called the third greatest revolution in history following the French and Russian revolutions. It is seen as an event that made Islamic fundamentalism a political force from Morocco to Malaysia. It began with ideology propaganda that western culture was a plague that alienated Muslims from their roots and identity and must be fought and expelled. Just previous to the revolution the Iranian monarchy asked the U.S for support; because of its strategic location Iran was an important ally to the United States against the Soviets during the Cold War, and being the largest most powerful oil rich country in the Persian Gulf America thought it would be wise to be friendly in foreign relations. Over debates and switching their minds a couple times America finally assured the Iranian monarchy of their support; however President Carter could not decide how to stabilize the situation and hesitated. On February 12th 1979 the revolution took place and the monarchy soon fell. Some Iranians believe the lack of intervention and somewhat sympathy for the revolution by high level American officials indicate the U.S wanted a transformation of leadership in a sinister plot to topple nationalist and an independent-minded monarch. The Iran-Iraq War also known as the Imposed War or Holy Defense was a war between Iran and Iraq between 1980 and 1988 which began when Iraq invaded Iran based on a border dispute and fears of a Shi’a revolution in Iraq among Iraq’s long suppressed Shi’a population influenced by Iran’s Islamic revolution. Although tension between Iran and Iraq go back centuries, this modern times war was for control of the rich oil filled Persian Gulf. In 1984 Iraq attacked the Iranian tankers and the oil terminal at Kharg Island. Iran retaliated by attacking tankers carrying Iraqi oil from Kuwait and then any tanker of the Gulf states that were supporting Iraq. In 1982 the Iranians were having more success in the war and the USA began to back Iraq, supplying intelligence, economic aid and supplying weapons. President Ronald Reagan stated; The United States could not afford to allow Iraq to lose the war to Iran, and that the U.S would do whatever was necessary to prevent Iraq from losing the war. As war continued neither side had truly advanced in control of the Persian Gulf and by 1988 a peace treaty was signed. The Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force headed by the United Kingdom and America. The conflict began during the Iran-Iraq War and in 1990 Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraq’s oil through slant drilling. The invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi troops was met with immediate economic sanctions against Iraq by some U.N Security Council members and they immediately made the preparations of war led by the United States and United Kingdom. During the war President George Bush senior began operation Desert Shield deploying U.S army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and Coast Guard Units to Saudi Arabia. Much of this mission relied on preventing an attack on Saudi Arabia. The Iraqi army had come into close distance of the Hama oil fields; one of Saudi Arabia’s largest. If Iraq would have controlled both the Kuwait oil fields and the Hama oil field it would have given them the majority control of the world’s oil reserves, possibly giving leverage or at least an evening of the playing field to international banking.Earlier during the Iran-Iraq War Saudi Arabia loaned Saddame Hussein 26 billion dollars to finance his invasion of Iran. Saudi Arabian leaders feared the influence of the Shi’a Islamic revolution on its own Shi’a majority. It didn’t make sense that Saudi Arabia feared a growth in Shi’a belief because it benefited Saudi Arabia. The king of Saudi Arabia is the head of the state and monarch and has the title "the custodian of the two mosques", which refers to the Saudi-Arabian jurisdiction over the mosques of masjid-al-haran in Mecca and masjid-al-nabawi in Medina. Both are considered to be the two holiest places on earth by Muslims devoted to Islam. Present king is Abdullah-bin Abdul Aziz-al-Saud since august 1st 2005 and his bloodline goes back through five generations of Saudi rulers to Ibn Saud also known as Abdul-Aziz-al-Saud, the founder of the territory known as Saudi-Arabia. It was thought that Iranian leaders were going to cause propaganda against the legitimacy of the Aziz-al-Saud family as caliph of Islam.However after the Iran-Iraq war ended and after Iraq had invaded Kuwait, Saddame Hussein began to verbally attack the Saudi Kingdom and argued that the U.S supported Saudi state was an illegitimate guardian of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. On October 31st 1998 U.S President Bill Clinton signed a law called the Iraqi liberation act, which appropriated funds to Iraqi opposition groups in the hope of removing Saddame Hussein from power and replacing a democratic system. On December 16th up until the 20th of 1998 the U.S and U.K engaged in a 4 day bombing campaign on Iraqi targets. The strikes were justified due to the Iraqi statement of refusing to respect a term within the peace treaty. It was at a point where the U.S government assumed that the Iraqi’s were building weapons of mass destruction, oppressing Iraqi citizens and preparing to attack other Middle Eastern territories. After the September 11th World Trade attack the U.S government claimed Iraq was a threat to the United States and the Free World and was possibly going to use their known weapons of mass destruction to aid terrorist groups. The Bush administration in 2002 assembled what they called a “coalition of the willing” composed of nations that supported a regime change in the Iraqi government and on March 20th 2003 the invasion of Iraq was launched. Saddame Hussein’s regime fell quickly and the United States never found any weapons of mass destruction. Saddam Hussein’s government was also not ruled by what is considered traditional Islamic law.
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Wednesday, February 4, 2009
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