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Wednesday, February 4, 2009
Perfect Slavery (part four) “Indigenous genocide”
In 1857 the Canadian government passed the gradual civilization act. Between 1820 and 1969 the Anglican, United and Catholic Church administered 130 “Indian” schools across Canada. The church was responsible to operate the schools while the government provided funding. In 1920 the compulsory attendance law passed and all Indian children had to be publically schooled. Children were forcibly taken from their families by priest, Indian agents and police officers. At these schools children were forbidden to speak their traditional languages and were punished if they did. They were also taught that their cultures were barbaric. The government dictated that children between the ages of 7 to 15 must attend Canadian schools, either at the few day schools that existed on reserves or at live-in residential schools far from home. Until the mid-1940s most schools did not allow children to return home for summer holidays or Christmas. Until the 1950s children only attended classes for half the day and worked on a farm or did other work for the rest of the day. Many have claimed that “Indian” schools failed to provide adequate education and instead used the children as unpaid laborers. Eventually the government agreed to pay the student for their labor. Children in many cases were subjected or exposed to physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. They also were given substandard food and tuberculosis was a reoccurring illness in many “Indian” residential schools up until the 1950s. Malnutrition, illness and ill treatment led to the deaths of many children in these schools. In 1907 Dr. Peter Bryce a former medical inspector for the department of Indian affairs determined that between 25 and 50% of aboriginal students that attended these schools died as a result of disease, abuse or other reasons of ill treatment.In 1969, churches no longer were involved with operating “Indian” schools and “Indian” ban councils took over the responsibility, while the department of Indian and Northern affairs continued funding. The Dawns act also known as the general allotment act was part of a federal initiative from 1887 to 1934 to “civilize the Indians” by forcing them into western culture and legal practices, which can be interpreted as genocide under the definition used by the United Nations (which did not exist yet). The strategy of this act was to take lands held in common by tribes and break them up into individually-owned parcels. Parcels of the land were then given back to individuals that could prove that they were members of the tribe that previously occupied the land. Many individuals were unable to prove themselves as land owners under Canadian conditions and were rejected. The remaining land was then open for European settlement. These new individually-owned parcels of land would later be organized into reservations. Reservations set up membership requirements and the blood quantum system was created to establish who was “Indian” and who wasn’t. Blood quantum law is a law or term that describes a legislation enacted to define membership in Native American groups by attempting to calculate genetic inheritance of Indigenous peoples. For instance if a Canadian has a child with an Asian from China, that child is considered to have the legal rights of both cultures. This is not the same for Aboriginal peoples. Aboriginal people risk the loss of their cultures rights and benefits for their children when having children with non-Aboriginals. Under this law Indigenous groups can never increase from generation to generation but can only stay the same or decrease unless they forbid outside culture mating. The eventual result could be the extinction of Indigenous peoples in North America. However in addition to this law many tribes suffer from individuals who intentionally falsely identify themselves as Indigenous natives of North America to fraudulently acquire federal and tribal funding. These individuals are attacking the native peoples in a covert war to continue the Nazi’s tactic of legal genocide called Blood Quantum.
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